Project Proposal for “Koreatowns in North Texas”

“Koreatowns in North Texas”

            The proposed “Koreatowns in North Texas” project will convey the importance of preserving an unrecognized part of American history. Currently, there is no website that allows the audience to access information about the history of Asian Americans in Texas. Multiple Asian American communities in Texas continue to prosper, and they contribute to the socio-economic development of the surrounding communities. Unfortunately, the history of the Asian American communities goes on undocumented by the Dallas County and the Dallas Historical Society. The proposed project will help inform people about an important part of the Dallas cultural and socio-economic history in order to bring awareness to a diverse community. It will emphasize the significance of immigration and the sustainability of urban and suburban development in diverse communities. The project will begin with the Korean American communities of Dallas County. There are two Koreatowns in North Texas: Koreatown Dallas and Koreatown Carrrollton. Each Koreatown is different, but both of them play a significant role in their community.

The proposed “Koreatowns in North Texas” project will ask the audience history questions pertaining to what they know about the history of Korean American communities and their connection to the two Koreatowns in North Texas. Here is a sample of the following history questions: What do you know about Korean American history in North Texas? What historical information about Koreatown Dallas or Koreatown Carrollton would you like to learn? How often do you visit Koreatown Dallas and/or Koreatown Carrollton? Describe your personal connection to one or both of the Koreatowns. What do you think makes Koreatown Dallas and/or Koreatown Carrollton interesting?  Describe your earliest memory of Koreatown Dallas and/or Koreatown Carrollton. Describe your fondest memory of Koreatown Dallas and/or Koreatown Carrollton. What do you think stands out the most in Koreatown Dallas and/or Koreatown Carrollton? (e.g. the architecture, the cafes, the building signs, etc.). Some of the statements were revised from questions to non-questions to encourage the audience to provide more information.

Also, the project’s website will include a collection of digital images, short descriptions/narratives to connect with the audience, and information about important people who have contributed to the sustainability and development of the communities. Another component will be added for audience participation; they will be able to add their images and narratives that are related to the development of the Korean American communities. Their contributions will help build a historical collection online. Also, it will include digital maps to show the locations and spatial components in order to depict community integration and neighborhood gentrification.

In order to inform, persuade, and engage the audience, the website will implement digital tools. Omeka, an open source web publishing platform, will be used to feature the images as items. After the metadata is added for each item, the items will be organized into Collections or Exhibits. A Geolocation plugin will be added for mapping the locations of the items. Another plugin, Juxtapose will be used to show a side-by-side map comparison of both Koreatowns. Also, it will be used to show a map comparison of Koreatown Dallas in 1980s or 1990s versus now. An additional plugin, Commenting, will be added for the audience to add their comments.   A Zoom It plugin will be added to allow the audience to zoom into the image and view it from different angles. Eventually, a social media plugin will be added.

For the target audiences, there are four different personas. Persona 1 includes the 1.5 and 2nd generation Korean Americans. They visit the Koreatowns with family and friends. Some of them have contributed to the building or development of Koreatown Dallas or Koreatown Carrollton. Persona 2 includes an audience who is non-Korean American but is familiar with Korean culture and history from different levels, and they visit the Koreatowns. Persona 3 will be the audience who does not know anything about Korean culture and history, and they do not know that Koreatowns exists in North Texas. Persona 4 is the audience that is comprised of first generation Korean Americans who moved to North Texas during the late 1970s to 1990s and they have contributed directly to the development of Koreatown Dallas, or they have very strong personal connections to it.

 

 

Revised Personas

Persona 1

Name: Amy
Demographic: early 30s, female, Korean American, college educated, architect
Descriptive Title: Amy (Digital Native and Foodie)
Quote: Life is about Food, Culture, and Social Media.

A Day in a Life Narrative: 

I am a second generation Korean American. I do not know that much about my Korean heritage; however, I am interested in learning more about Korean history and culture. I am also not familiar with Korean American history, especially in Texas. My job requires me to work on a computer on a daily basis. As an architect, I have a strong interest in learning about different cultures and how certain infrastructures influence sustainability and maintain a balance with surrounding communities. I pay attention to the use of space and how it interacts with people and nature. I also enjoy learning about different foods from around the world, and I enjoy purchasing various kitchen gadgets and appliances in order to learn to make different culinary delicacies. I am an avid user of technology and devices. I am on social media most of the day. I use social media to stay connected with friends and family. I also use it to learn about cultural things. The site on Koreatowns in Dallas and Carrollton will help me to explore both of them and to learn more about my heritage as a Korean American.
End Goals:
I don’t like to search through a plethora of information. I want to find my interests and explore them with minimal reading and more engagement in learning about Korean American history and culture and Koreatowns Dallas and Carrollton.

Persona 2

Name: Josephine
Demographic: 60s, female, African American, college educated, retiree
Descriptive Title: Josephine (Cultural Enthusiast and Social Learner)
Quote: Life is short; it’s best to learn something new each day.

A Day in a Life Narrative: 

I am a recent retiree. I live with my husband and adorable dog. I like meeting people and making new friends. I enjoy being around younger people because of their vibrant and youthful energy. Working for an international company has allowed me to explore new cultures. Before I visited the two Koreatowns, I began learning the Korean language at a local community college. My interest in K Pop steered me toward learning Korean. To brush up on my Korean, I joined a Korean meetup group that meets in Koreatown. The group meets in Koreatown for an informal language learning and cultural excursions to a Korean restaurant or karaoke bar. I am not a native Korean speaker; however, I enjoy learning about Korean culture, history, and traditions. I use the internet to pay my bills, purchase items, and read news articles. I use social media to connect with my friends and family. The site will help me learn more about Korean culture and history.

End Goals:

Learning keeps me staying young, so I like to be informed and engaged by using minimal technology. I would like to use the site to learn about the different places and upcoming events in Koreatown and to continue practicing the Korean language.

Persona 3

Image not available.
Name: Chris
Demographic:  18-20s, high school graduate, lives at home with parents
Descriptive Title: Chris (Tech savvy and goes everywhere with smartphone)
Quote: I live one day at a time, but I don’t like waiting long for fast food.

A Day in a Life Narrative: 

I am a recent high school graduate. I live with at home with my parents.  I enjoy hanging out with my friends.  I do not know anything about Korean culture and history.  Also, I did not know that Texas had Koreatowns.  Some of my friends are KPop fans, but I am not. However, I do not mind visiting a new place while I am with my friends.  I use the internet to check up on my friends, watch my favorite shows and new movies, track upcoming festivals and concerts, and skim news articles. I use social media to connect with my friends and make new friends.  The site will help me break away from my usual environment and learn something new.  I might be able to convince my friends to visit one of the Koreatowns with me.

 

End Goals:

I use social media to learn about the current events since I do not watch the news.  I enjoy reading about technology as long as the articles are short.  My smartphone is with me at all times.  I enjoy learning new things as long as it interests me and my friends.

Persona 4

Image not available.
Name: Mr. Kim
Demographic:  70s, retiree, middle-class, college educated from South Korea 
Descriptive Title:  Mr. Kim (Family Oriented and Korean Culture Enthusiast)
Quote:  I am proud to be a Korean American who still believes the past can teach the new generations about the present and the future. 

A Day in a Life Narrative: 

I retired after owning a business with my wife for over 25 years.  My wife and I are first-generation Korean Americans.  We moved to Texas in the early 1980s.  Since our degrees from Korea were not accepted, we worked very hard to save money and own a business in Koreatown Dallas.   We raised our two children to excel in their studies, so they do not have to work hard like us.  At the same time, my family and I were connected to the Korean community by being members of a local Korean church.  After more than 25 years of owning a business, my wife and I were persuaded by our children that it was time to enjoy life and not worry about work every day.  During my retirement, I learned to use the internet off and on.   I do not like to use the internet every day; I still like to read the printed newspaper, especially the Dallas Korean newspapers.   I use social media to connect with my children and grandchildren.  The site will introduce my children and grandchildren to learn about the Korean American history and culture in Dallas.  I would like to include my stories and pictures about Koreatown Dallas.

End Goals:

I enjoy being around my family.  I use social media to stay connected with my children and grandchildren.  I like to teach my grandchildren about Korean culture and history because I don’t want them to forget about their Korean heritage.

A Reading Response and Reflection

For my project, I plan to use my Omeka items to engage my audience in different ways.  One of the activities will include tagging.  I did not tag the items because I want to see the how the audience varies in their opinions about each item.  Will it be objective or subjective?  So far, I have developed three personas for my project; and I would like to see how each of them tags the Omeka items.  The first persona is someone is familiar with Koreatown.  He or she may have grew up visiting Koreatown with family and/or friends. Also, in the first persona, this person could have contributed to the development of Koreatown.  The second persona is someone who has an interest in Korean culture and/or history, and he or she likes to visit Koreatown.  The third persona is someone who is not familiar with Koreatown.  He or she probably does not think it exists in Texas.

Similar to the Hurricane Digital Memory Book and Baltimore Uprising projects, I plan to include a section that will ask the audience to add their memories of the Koreatowns and the events.  For each item, I would like to include a plug-in that allows the audience to add a comment.  Also, there will be a mapping tool that allows the audience to input their location in comparison to the locations of both Koreatowns in North Texas.  Another activity will include a redesign or remapping of both Koreatowns.  How will it fit into your neighborhood? Or, I can ask the audience to engage in building a Koreatown near their neighborhood.  Furthermore, Koreatowns Dallas and Carrollton hold festivals pertaining to Korean culture and history, so I would like to include a section that allows the audience to upload their pics and add comments to build a story  based on their personal experience during one of the past festivals.  This activity will be build a community of festival goers or lovers to communicate with each other.

 

A Summative Blog on Audience, Engagement, and Co-Creation

Conducting research for building a prototype for a digital public history project comes with some interesting challenges.  One of the challenges that I have encountered is creating a set of questions to find out more about my audience.  During the early planning stage, I thought I had great ideas for whom the project will target. After interviewing my users, I realized I needed to revisit my set of interview questions.  My questions were almost linear, and I needed to take less control and let the audience tell me what they are looking for.  One of the audiences that I did not consider at the initial planning of my project is the audience who does not have any knowledge of both Koreatowns and Korean American history and culture in North Texas. If I could find a way to engage this type of audience, then I will have a better understanding of my audience.

According to Shlomo Goltz, “personas are one of the most effective ways to empathize with and analyze users.”  Learning about personas and creating two personas for my project has helped to step back and see my project from another angle.  Then, I began to understand my audience.  I am currently in the process of creating a third persona to acknowledge another group of audience. Another challenge I have encountered is the technology aspect. I made the assumption that if my audience uses technology, then it will be less difficult to engage them. However, I needed to pay closer attention to different patterns of data and the data that was missing. Both users access social media, but the type and time spent for each one differs depending on what they need and want from each one. The users not only want to search for information, but they also want to learn and to be acknowledged. I plan to study more social media platforms in order to understand how each one serves a purpose for different audiences. This  will help me to learn which ones serve a greater purpose in engaging the audience with the project, and it will help me to select the appropriate digital tools to engage my audience.

Furthermore, engagement becomes a key factor for keeping the audience interested, informed, and valued. They want to be part of the project in some way. Just like visiting and engaging in the physical spaces, the audience wants that similar experience in a digital space; and they want to leave a physical and digital space knowing that they have learned and/or contributed in some way. The shared inquiry between the audience and the project creators create an interesting dynamic. By inviting the audience to become part of the project, the level of engagement goes from minimal to valuable.  Also, carefully researching the audience and the different types of engagement adds a humanistic approach to the project. I plan to integrate activities that both the audience and I can co-create or build the project together.  In the meantime, I will continue to research the end goals of different users.  Overall, the user research has helped me to view audience from a different perspective and how they play a significant role in the designing and planning of our digital public history project.

A Summary of User Research

From my research, I have learned that I need to broaden my audience. Initially, I did not consider interviewing people who have never visited the two Koreatowns and/or have no knowledge of Korean culture and history. Instead, I focused on people who have an interest or have some connection.  Another thing I need to consider is asking users what they would like to know about Korean American history and culture in general instead of specifically Korean American history and culture in the North Texas area.

Regarding social media, I did not ask the purpose for using each one. Fortunately, the interviewees added that information without me asking. I have to reconsider how social media plays a significant role in their daily activities.  In order to understand my users and broaden my knowledge of social media, I might consider using more social media than my usual two.

After reviewing the user interviews, I realized that I might have to make some changes to my project ideas and plans. It seems as though that my questions have focused too much on what they know about Koreatown and Korean history and culture.  Due to my controlled focus, I focused less on audience.  I have learned that I need to give up some control.  In the article, “A Shared Inquiry into A Shared Inquiry,” Corbett and Miller argues Ronald J. Grele’s point: “A shared inquiry is a deliberate decision to give up some control over the product of historical inquiry” (20).   So, I had to ask myself, “What can I learn from my audience in order to gain their attention and to engage them in a dialogue with the project?” I might consider adding a blog page for users to add their personal memories about Korean culture and connect them to their reasons for visiting a Koreatown. This page will help me learn about my audience and how they can contribute to building the project.  I also need to consider the spatial components and how they affect the relationships or communications in Koreatown as well as the digital space. Instead of just searching the project site, I have to encourage the audience to explore it because “it suggests a non-linear spatial imagination rather than linear, funneled one: one inhabits a space that is being explored rather than simply forging a narrowing path through it” (Frisch 132).  Therefore, the interviews have taught me that I have so much more to learn about audience and I need to revise my project ideas and plans.

 

A Comparative Review of the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame

Depending on the environment or space, the representation of a public history project may vary.  Whether it is a physical or digital space, the same public history project will be interpreted differently.  Also, the audience interacts with it differently when presented with various ways of engagement between the physical and digital sites.  Each space is open for interpretations based on its rhetorical representation; it is constantly changing and transforming.  For the comparative review of a physical and digital site, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, Texas was selected.

The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame conveys the importance of recognizing the history and culture of cowgirls. The concept of the cowboy is a nostalgic and more commonly mentioned in American history. However, the concept of the cowgirl is almost forgotten or rarely mentioned in mainstream American history and culture. This museum demystifies the concept of the stand-alone cowboy and acknowledges the contributions of cowgirls. The outer space of the museum has two amazing statues placed in front of the museum. A bronze, life-size statue of a cowgirl with her horse stands on the left side of the museum. On the right side, there is a bronze, life-size statue of Sacagawea. Inside the museum, it has a circular design with a rotunda like ceiling. The environment is warm and inviting. It looks like a beautiful mansion with white floors and an impeccable interior design. There are two staircases on each side of the museum. The featured exhibit, “Pure Quills,” is on the far left corner of the first floor. The ongoing exhibit is on the right corner of the first floor and continues to the second floor. There is a video viewing room that is closest to the entrance door on the right; it features a short video of the museum’s collections and featured exhibit.

The audience for this museum varies. During my visit, I saw adult women and men touring the museum. This museum is also great for all ages and students.

The first floor of the museum features a circular layout. Because of the open and circular layout, visitors can start from different areas instead of one single flow of traffic. After viewing the video, the audience can enter the room next to it. On the right side of the wall, there is a bright red screen that asks the audience to touch the screen to begin. There are five different black and white photos of Annie Oakley, two Native Americans, a cowgirl march, Buffalo Bill, and an image of a cowgirl on a horse. After a photo is selected, the visitor steps into the brightly lit photo booth. After the photo is taken, a copy of the 3×5 photo is printed for free. There is also an option to send a digital photo via email or text. This activity is fun and interactive because it encourages visitors to learn more about the people and settings in the photos. If people were taking up too much time with the photo booth, the layout of the exhibit encourages the visitors to move to other locations in the exhibit that are also equally or more engaging such as the double-sided video screens hanging from the ceiling. Each side of the screen features videos taken during the time cowgirls were part of the Buffalo Bill Show.

The primary items that are used to communicate the interpretation of the museum are the collections of artifacts from well-known cowgirls such as Annie Oakley and Tad Lucas. These artifacts are displayed beautifully in separate glass cases for full 360 viewing. The circular navigation of the museum is very engaging and moves the visitors along. There are hologram videos that are built into the wall. It looks like a diorama that hangs on a wall, but in this case, it’s a digital diorama that speaks to the audience by looking directly at them during the speech. One of the dioramas features an image of Annie Oakley talking about teaching other females how to shoot rifles.

I did not see any docents or curators interacting with the public during my visit. However, the museum will provide a docent led tour for a group if scheduled ahead of time. The receptionist who was also the gift store representative was helpful. After I purchased my ticket, she handed a pink sticker and instructions.

The physical site of the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame is engaging and informative. This museum is a great treasure for the nation. I wish more people would visit the museum because I learned so much about the American West and history of cowgirls during my first visit. I hope to return soon with my friends and family. I would not change the physical exhibit because it is effective as is.

In addition to the physical site, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame also has a website. The “About” page includes a clear statement for the purpose of the museum: “The National National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame honors and celebrates women, past and present, whose lives exemplify the courage, resilience and independence that helped shape the American West, and fosters an appreciation of the ideals and spirit of self-reliance they inspire” (National Cowgirl Museum). From the featured images of cowgirls to the amazing logo, the design of the website clearly communicates its argument. The primary audience might be women because the website seems to show more images of women and their achievements. It also features a slideshow on its homepage of future events such as the artist Barabara Van Cleve’s “Pure Quill” exhibit, Cowgirl Spring Roundup, the luncheon for the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame, and the Old Bags luncheon.

The website seems to target white/Caucasian women because most of the images in the homepage slideshow feature white women. It makes the assumption that the audience is mostly white women. However, if the audience takes a look at the honorees, there are also women of color who were inducted into the Cowgirl Hall of Fame.

The layout of the website is easy to navigate and search. Each of the tabs has categories of interest. For example, the “Museum” tab has seven featured categories with sub-categories. There is an “Education” tab as well as the “Hall of Fame” tab. For the Hall of Fame, the audience can learn about each honoree and her achievements. There is also an image of the honoree. Similar to the physical site, the website allows the audience to begin their journey from different directions. There is no “Start Here” tab or page, which allows more freedom for the audience to navigate the website. Unfortunately, there is no Search area or button on the homepage to allow the audience to narrow their search.

The website offers brief information about the ongoing exhibits and featured exhibit. It also includes the “Hall of Fame” honorees information. The Education page features information for school tours, video conferencing, traveling trunk, and Girl Scout Patch Program. The Support page asks the audience to become members, to make donations, and to volunteer.

In contrast to the physical site, the website provides Education and Support opportunities that a physical site does not provide unless the audience request such information or reads the museum pamphlet. The featured artifacts in the digital space do not compare to the artifacts featured in the physical space. The images of the artifacts and photographs on the website do not have a title, description, or narrative.

For the audience interaction and engagement, the digital space allows the audience to search the list of honorees, view videos, and search the archives. However, the physical space allows more interaction and engagement with the audience. The website allows the audience to interact with the site’s creators and curators. By visiting the “Support” page and selecting “Volunteer, the audience may interact with different departments of the museum. This type of interaction is central to the sustainability of the museum because it engages the public and values their contributions.

For the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame website, there are a few things that can be changed to enhance the digital experience for the audience. They should add titles, descriptions, and narratives to the artifacts and photographs on the website. Instead of placing them all together on one web page like a collage, they should be categorized. Adding a search area on the home page would also be helpful. The social media platforms should not be placed at the bottom right-hand corner of the website. An interactive component to entice the audience to learn more about the museum and the history of cowgirls should be added to the home page. Adding another language such as Spanish would be great because the physical site acknowledges the cowgirls from the Hispanic culture. Adding a tab for cultural diversity in cowgirl history would be helpful to reach a wider audience. The physical site includes information and images of cowgirls from Native American and Hispanic American cultures. Despite these suggestions for changes to the digital space, the museum’s website presents the overall argument very well.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Response for the Comparative Review of the Digital Public History Projects

With advancing technology and globalization, digital public history projects have progressed over time.  A comparative review of the digital public history projects in three different phases reveals noticeable changes from the projects that began as content focused to projects that are content and audience focused.  At the same time, the creators of the projects had to consider the digital space.   For example, the digital public history work during phase 1 is more content driven.   The technology might be outdated, but the historical content plays an important role in all three projects in this phase.  In the first example, “Blackout History Project,” some of the hyperlinks were no longer working.  Also, phase 1 includes minimal audience engagement; however, there is more audience engagement in the last two projects of this phase. The images, videos, and audio recordings provide different ways of viewing the historical content; and they allow the audience to think about history differently.   “Blackout History Project”  and “The Progress of a People” seem to centralize the historical content as if it was presented in an academic manner (e.g. lecture); however, I can see that all three projects were reflecting a shift or change in making public history available to a broader audience. A basic mapping tool appears in the third project: “The Great Chicago Fire and the Web of Memory.”  The digital tools used in phase 1 projects convey the importance of beginning to engage the audience with the historical content through a digital space for the contextualizing strategy, which Sam Wineburg defines it as situating “the document and its events in time and place” in order to be “Thinking Like a Historian.”

For phase 2, the digital public history projects include more digital tools, audience engagement, and recognition of collaboration.  In addition to educational resources, a project’s site presents other ways of engaging with a general audience. Phase 2 includes less hyperlinks and more embedded links and images that can be clicked on for more information. Also, phase 2 includes more galleries or exhibits for the scanned images of documents and other artifacts.  Phase 2 projects invite the audience to think like a historian in the intermediate stages of contextualizing, close reading, and reading silence.  “Jasenovac: Holocaust Era in Croatia” introduces the audience to public history that might have been hidden or rarely exposed.  “A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S…” is another project that presents historical content that most U.S. history books only provide a snippet of information.  “Raid on Deerfield” introduces the audience to view the history of English settlers and their conflict with the French and native allies.   The phase 2 projects represent social injustice in different countries, and they convey the importance of global perspectives in order to share public history in a digital space.

In phase 3, the digital public history projects include updated digital tools, collaboration, and more audience engagement.  The projects that collaborate with a museum and local historical society or library are “Lincoln at 200” and “Bracero History Archive.”   Some of the project sites such as  “Bracero History Archive” and “Operation War Diary” encourage the audience to contribute to the project.   Also, some of the projects use social media to collaborate with the audience and spread the word about the project. There is also a  search option in two of the projects. The digital tools in phase 3 are more advanced in presenting the historical content and engaging the audience. Some of the projects have both audio recordings with transcriptions for ADA compliance.  The “Manifold Greatness…” is a great example.  Some of digital public history projects have resources for further reading and for classroom purposes.  By including more collaboration,  audience engagement, and advanced digital tools in a digital space, phase 3 projects introduce the audience to the strategies of contextualizing, close reading, using background knowledge, reading the silences, and corroborating.

Furthermore,  good digital public history work should continue adapting to the changing and advancing technology, updating websites, presenting historical content that challenges the audience to “think like a historian,” adding more scholarship, finding ways to engage the audience to understand the value of researching public history, and acknowledging  a diverse audience.  With all of these things in mind, it is also best to continue updating the guidelines for reviewing digital public history work.

In the field of digital public history, there are several promising new directions.  It will create more grants and fellowships for scholars to think like a historian and bring awareness of missing or rarely known part of public history to a wide audience.  Also, this field will steer in the direction of global digital public history projects that will reach out to an even wider audience for cultural and historical understanding.  Soon, almost every major institution or organization will begin to hire public historians.   This field is unique in the sense that it brings academic and non-academic passions together for a greater purpose.  The humanistic approach to digital public history comes into fruition when it becomes an inclusive rather than exclusive way of audience engagement and participation along with collaboration from academic and non-academic institutions or organizations.

A Response to Grele’s “Whose Public? Whose History? What is the Goal of a Public Historian?”

Similar to the broad definition of Digital Humanities, the definition of Public History is also broad because it is constantly debated and changed.  From his article, “Whose Public? Whose History? What is the Goal of a Public Historian?” Ronald J. Grele defines public history to be “moving into fields long occupied by practicing non-academic historians.  It is debating issues within a long tradition of debate.  It is deeply embedded within a series of ongoing tendencies in the profession” (44).    Grele’s definition is enlightening because he views public history to be diverse and versatile.  According to John Dichtl and Robert B. Townsend’s article, “A Picture of Public History: Preliminary Results from the 2008 Survey of Public Professionals,” the comparison of the survey results from 1980 and 2008 show the changing trends such as how many public historians were employed in academia and non-academic institutions.  The 2008 survey also shows that “women comprised two thirds of the respondents (65.5 percent)” compared to the 36 percent from the 1980 survey.  Denise Meringolo, author of Museums, Monuments, and National Parks: Toward a New Genealogy of Public History, defines public history to be collaborative, multidisciplinary, and engaging with a focus on communication.  In the following statement, Meringolo clearly defines the role of the public historian: “Public historians can produce original interpretations that connect scholarship and everyday life by respecting the ways in which their partners and audiences use history and by balancing authority against community needs” (168).

Dichtl and Townsend argue that “Public history is one of the least understood areas of professional practice in history because the majority of public history jobs are outside of academia.”  On the other hand, it can be due to two reasons: “First those of us who currently work in the field have not clearly defined what is we do, why we do it, and why it is an alternative to other forms of historical effort. Second, the debates have taken place in a historical vacuum” (Grele 41).  Even though the public is ubiquitous when it comes to history, adding the term “public” to “history” seems to spark some controversy, but “another group of historians emerged to work with a non-college public: local history movement” (Grele 42).  As a result, Grele argues that “it was the local history movement which offered the most thoroughgoing alternative to the historical work done in the academy” (43).   However, public historians were not seen as equal to the academic historians. Meringolo also mentions two reasons or trends of thought for the debate: “Some scholars emphasize the term “public,” arguing that the environment in which historians apply their craft impacts the questions, methodology, and content of interpretation. Others underscore the term “history,” insisting that credentialed historians perform their work in accordance to the same disciplinary standards regardless of location or audience” (xvi).   Both Grele and Meringolo argue that the combination of “public” and  “history” sparks a debate for defining public history.

Another reason for the broad definition of public history is the debate on its origin.  Grele argues that the job crisis for the academic historians was the reason for the beginning of public history because the proponents of public history “have accused the [academic] profession of ignoring the possibility of opportunities outside of the academy and monopolizing the ideological formulation of the role of the historical by accenting a narrow vision of the historian as researcher or university professor” (41).  Thus, it began opening up  job opportunities for historians. However, Denise Meringolo contends the origin of public history began with the National Park Service. Meringolo argues that it was Verne Chatelain (first chief historian for the NPS) who should be credited for the beginnings of public history because “it was evident to Chatelain that an advanced degree in history did not necessarily prepare historians for work in the federal government” (xiii).  Therefore, in the 1930s, “Chatelain’s new technicians were among the first public historians, and they had a profound impact on the evolution of the field” (Meringolo xiv).  Also, Meringolo acknowledges that it was during the 1970s that academic historians were “concerned about the scarcity of jobs for history PhDs” (xiv); but in her book, she “examines the process by which federal workers began to conceptualize the protection of landscapes and artifacts as valuable public work” (xxix) and the importance of collaborating with other professionals (e.g. scientists) and the public audience.

Public history includes both the academic and non-academic historians working together to engage the public.  Also, public history is a collaboration of historians and professionals/experts in digital humanities, science, architecture, literature, medicine, textiles, folklore, mental health, media, culinary arts, art, music, religion, etc.  In today’s fast-paced and social media driven society, public history plays a significant role in the form of digital public history.  It not only engages the audience, it allows the public to take part in the making and preserving history.  Despite the debates, a broad definition of public history allows space for more ideas of collaboration and engagement because history is never seen and told in one way.  Since “Fledgling public history inherited from its late nineteenth-century origins a pragmatic approach to research and an impulse to change” (Meringolo xxxi), the broad definition of public history allows change and evolves with change.

In agreement with Grele’s statement that “Thus the task of the public historian, broadly defined, should be to help members of the public to do their own history and to aid them in understanding their role in shaping and interpreting events” (48), the types of the practice the field of public history should encourage will change throughout  history; and it will include more collaboration and engagement beyond the academic setting.  For example, Social media plays a big part in public history.  Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube probably have their own public historians; and their platforms engage the public on a daily basis.  Even their audience contribute to the making of their history through crowdsourcing.  Public history projects invite the public to engage with artifacts that were once lost or hidden from the public.  Public history is a collaboration of historians, other professionals, public, and technology.  Therefore, digital humanities public history adds another layer to the field of public history and its definition.

Introduction

This is my second semester in the Digital Public Humanities Graduate Certificate Program. I plan to learn more about Digital Humanities from each course. I enjoy learning new methodologies and digital tools for engaging different audiences. While completing my coursework, I teach full-time for a two-year college.

After completing HIST 680, I have a basic understanding of digital humanities. I have worked with various digital tools such as Omeka, WordPress, Voyant, Palladio, etc. Also, I have a basic understanding of metadata. Initially, I had some challenges with metadata because it was my first time learning about metadata and its important role in digital humanities. The readings from HIST 680, activities, and the exhibition style assignment helped me understand metadata a little more. Working on my own project helped me to understand the importance of certain elements (e.g. metadata, copyright, audience awareness, visual presentation/layout, incorporating digital tools) for a digital humanities project.  Although understanding copyright and creating a persuasive digital collection for public viewing and engagement has been a challenge, I am still very eager to hone my skills and learn new things in this program.

I have a growing interest in digital public history because I have discovered specific historical information that was lacking in the area and surrounding areas where I grew up and where I work.  A few years ago, I was trying to research information on the history of the Korean American community in the Dallas area. Unfortunately, I hit a roadblock after contacting several local organizations.  There was no researched and archived information on the history and culture of the Dallas Korean American community and the other Asian American communities in the North Texas that was  accessible to the public, especially in a digital space or online.

Also, I work near a Hispanic American/Latino American community that is rich in culture and history. I would like to help the college students who are from this community to preserve their beautiful culture and history by including their narratives as well as artifacts in a digital collection. Most of them grapple with two or more different languages and cultures, constantly code-switching and conforming between cultures and histories. By engaging the students in a digital humanities project in the classroom, they will learn the importance of preserving their own cultural history and sharing it with the public.

I have several learning goals for this semester. First, I would like to gain a better understanding of digital public history. Second, I want to learn the methodologies on building a digital collection for future digital public history projects. Third, I want to learn the differences between local and community history.  Fourth, I hope to learn how to properly record and archive oral history. My last learning goal is to learn about audience engagement and participation for a digital public history project. By learning more about digital public history, I can plan to begin my project and hopefully, persuade the Dallas Historical Society to include the Asian American communities and their culture and history in the digital archives.  Also, I would like to begin working with my students on a digital public history project to preserve a nearby community’s history and culture.

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